Optimization of ultrasound-assisted extraction of astaxanthin from black tiger shrimp (Penaeus monodon) shells using deep eutectic solvent and ethanol as a co-solvent
Trần Chí Hải, Phan Văn Mẫn, Lê Thị Hồng Ánh
Abstract
The study aimed to enhance the extraction of astaxanthin (ASX) from black tiger shrimp shells by combining Deep eutectic solvent (DES) and ultrasound-assisted extraction (UADE). The DES used in the research consisted of choline chloride (Ch) and citric acid (CA) in a 1:2 molar ratio with 20% water. Response surface methodology (RSM) utilizing a Box-Behnken design (BBD) was employed to optimize the UADE conditions, considering ultrasound power (200 – 400 W), ethanol concentration in the DES (5 – 65 %), and extraction time (5 – 45 min). The optimal UADE parameters identified by BBD were 330 W ultrasound power, 35% ethanol content, and 33 min of extraction, resulting in the highest ASX content of 47.42 μg/g, closely matching the predicted value of 48.65 μg/g. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis revealed structural alterations in samples treated with DES-based UAE, setting it apart from soxhlet extraction, maceration, and ethanol-based DES extraction. The outcomes indicated that UADE outperformed traditional extraction methods like soxhlet extraction, maceration, and ultrasound-assisted ethanol extraction (UAET) regarding ASX yield and antioxidant activity, while also needing shorter extraction durations. These results underscore UADE as a productive and eco-friendly approach for extracting ASX from shrimp shells. • Ultrasonic-assisted deep eutectic solvent combined ethanol can improve the extraction yields of astaxanthin of black tiger shrimp ( Penaeus monodon ) shells. • The optimal extraction conditions for astaxanthin from Penaeus monodon shells were determined through response surface tests. • The shrimp extracts exhibited potent antioxidant properties (i.e., ABTS and DPPH radical scavenging activity, and FRAP).