Ocular immune privilege in action: The living eye imposes unique regulatory and anergic gene signatures on uveitogenic T cells
Zixuan Peng, Vijayaraj Nagarajan, Reiko Horai, Yingyos Jittayasothorn, Mary J. Mattapallil, Rachel R Caspi
Abstract
regulatory T cells (Tregs), while the rest fail to induce pathology. Here, single-cell transcriptomics and functional validation revealed distinct phenotypes in both populations: ocular Tregs were highly suppressive, whereas non-Tregs expressed suppression- and anergy-associated genes and lacked regulatory function. Trajectory analyses suggested that Tregs and anergic cells arise from a common proliferative precursor in parallel, rather than sequentially. Our data indicate a key checkpoint governing the divergence of anergic and regulatory fates. These findings provide molecular-level insights into ocular immune privilege and may inform strategies to silence autoimmune effector cells or reverse T cell unresponsiveness in cancer, vaccination, or chronic infection.