Evasion of Antiviral Innate Immunity by Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus
Tong-Yun Wang, Mingxia Sun, Hongliang Zhang, Gang Wang, Guoqing Zhan, Zhi‐Jun Tian, Xuehui Cai, Chenhe Su, Yan‐Dong Tang
Abstract
Innate immunity is the front line for antiviral immune responses and bridges adaptive immunity against viral infections. However, various viruses have evolved many strategies to evade host innate immunity. A typical virus is the porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV), one of the most globally devastating viruses threatening the swine industry worldwide. PRRSV engages several strategies to evade the porcine innate immune responses. This review focus on the underlying mechanisms employed by PRRSV to evade pattern recognition receptors signaling pathways, type I interferon (IFN-α/β) receptor (IFNAR)-JAK-STAT signaling pathway, and interferon-stimulated genes. Deciphering the antiviral immune evasion mechanisms by PRRSV will enhance our understanding of PRRSV's pathogenesis and help us to develop more effective methods to control and eliminate PRRSV.