Inter-vendor performance of deep learning in segmenting acute ischemic lesions on diffusion-weighted imaging: a multicenter study
Deniz Alış, Mert Yergin, Ceren Aliş, Çağdaş Topel, Ozan Asmakutlu, Ömer Bağcılar, Yeseren Deniz Senli, Ahmet Üstündağ, Vefa Salt, Sebahat Nacar Doğan, Murat Velioğlu, Hakan Hatem Selçuk, Batuhan Kara, İlkay Öksüz, Osman Kızılkılıç, Ercan Karaarslan
Abstract
There is little evidence on the applicability of deep learning (DL) in the segmentation of acute ischemic lesions on diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) between magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scanners of different manufacturers. We retrospectively included DWI data of patients with acute ischemic lesions from six centers. Dataset A (n = 2986) and B (n = 3951) included data from Siemens and GE MRI scanners, respectively. The datasets were split into the training (80%), validation (10%), and internal test (10%) sets, and six neuroradiologists created ground-truth masks. Models A and B were the proposed neural networks trained on datasets A and B. The models subsequently fine-tuned across the datasets using their validation data. Another radiologist performed the segmentation on the test sets for comparisons. The median Dice scores of models A and B were 0.858 and 0.857 for the internal tests, which were non-inferior to the radiologist's performance, but demonstrated lower performance than the radiologist on the external tests. Fine-tuned models A and B achieved median Dice scores of 0.832 and 0.846, which were non-inferior to the radiologist's performance on the external tests. The present work shows that the inter-vendor operability of deep learning for the segmentation of ischemic lesions on DWI might be enhanced via transfer learning; thereby, their clinical applicability and generalizability could be improved.