One Pot Hydrothermal Synthesis of Large Area Nano Cube Like ZnSnO<sub>3</sub> Perovskite for Simultaneous Sensing of Uric Acid and Dopamine Using Differential Pulse Voltammetry
Lignesh Durai, Sushmee Badhulika
Abstract
We report ultra-selective zinc stannate nano cubes (ZnSnO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> ) modified glassy carbon electrode (GCE) for simultaneous detection of Uric Acid (UA) and Dopamine (DA) using differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) technique. The ZnSnO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> nano cubes were synthesized via one-pot hydrothermal technique. The orthorhombic phase formation of nano cubes structured ZnSnO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> was confirmed through X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) imaging. The sensor exhibited very distinct oxidation potentials and excellent sensitivity with wide dynamic ranges of detection ranging from 10 nM to μM and 1~μM to 5 mM with a very low limit of detections of 2.6 nM and 550 nM towards DA and UA respectively. The sensing mechanism can be ascribed to the simultaneous electro-oxidation process of DA and UA at the 3d orbital SnO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">6</sub> octahedra sites facilitated with the Sn <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2+</sup> /Sn <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">4+</sup> oxidation states of Sn in line with the stress induced electrical property transformation of ZnSnO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> due to its piezoelectric nature. The as fabricated ZnSnO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> /GCE sensor was further successfully evaluated for simultaneous detection of UA and DA in the simulated blood serum samples. This simple strategy for developing ZnSnO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> perovskite modified electrode paves way to develop electrochemical sensing platforms for bioanalytical applications.