Bio-synthesis of TiO <sub>2</sub> using grape leaves extract and its application for photocatalytic degradation of ibuprofen from aqueous solution
Haneen Ali Abdulrazaq, Abeer I. Alwared
Abstract
In this study, titanium oxide nanoparticle was fabricated using the extract of grape leaves (referred asGL-TiO2 NPs), using the green synthesis process, and then explores its ability for photodegradation of ibuprofen (IBU) under UV light in the batch system. UV-Vis, BET, FTIR, XRD, and SEM-EDX tests were made to identify the catalyst’s structure and shape. Moreover, the effects of different operating parameters, specifically pH of (3, 5, 7, and 9), IBU concentration (10, 20, 40, and 80) mg/L, GL-TiO2 concentrations (15, 30, and 60) mg/L, H2O2 (100, 300, and 500) mg/L, and contact time were studied. According to the results, the synthetic TiO2 NPs have a spherical shape and 39.608 m2/g of BET surface area. In addition, the findings showed that the removal efficiency reached 92.32% under optimum conditions of 5, 10, 30, 300 mg/L, and 150 min, respectively. In addition, the reaction followed a first-order kinetics model with R2 > 97. According to the finding of this study, GL-TiO2 NPs has an acceptable efficiency in the elimination of IBU, as their relatively simple synthesis, could be a suitable catalyst for the degradation and elimination of pharmaceutical residues.