Nutritional considerations with antiobesity medications
Jaime P. Almandoz, Thomas A. Wadden, Colleen Tewksbury, Caroline M. Apovian, Angela Fitch, Jamy D. Ard, Zhaoping Li, Jesse Richards, W. Scott Butsch, Irina Jouravskaya, Kadie S. Vanderman, Lisa M. Neff
Abstract
The improved efficacy and generally favorable safety profile of recently approved and emerging antiobesity medications (AOMs), which result in an average weight reduction of ≥15%, represent significant advancement in the treatment of obesity. This narrative review aims to provide practical evidence-based recommendations for nutritional assessment, management, and monitoring of patients treated with AOMs. Prior to treatment, clinicians can identify preexisting nutritional risk factors and counsel their patients on recommended intakes of protein, dietary fiber, micronutrients, and fluids. During treatment with AOMs, ongoing monitoring can facilitate early recognition and management of gastrointestinal symptoms or inadequate nutrient or fluid intake. Attention should also be paid to other factors that can impact response to treatment and quality of life, such as physical activity and social and emotional health. In the context of treatment with AOMs, clinicians can play an active role in supporting their patients with obesity to improve their health and well-being and promote optimal nutritional and medical outcomes.