Microwave-Assisted Preparation of Organo-Lead Halide Perovskite Single Crystals
Ján Jančík, Anna Jančík Procházková, Markus C. Scharber, Alexander Kovalenko, Jiří Másilko, Niyazi Serdar Sariçiftçi, Martin Weiter, Jozef Krajčovič
Abstract
The efficiency of organo-lead halide perovskite-based optoelectronic devices is dramatically lower for amorphous materials compared to highly crystalline ones. Therefore, it is challenging to optimize and scale up the production of large-sized single crystals of perovskite materials. Here, we describe a novel and original approach to preparing lead halide perovskite single crystals by applying microwave radiation during the crystallization. The microwave radiation primarily causes precise heating control in the whole volume and avoids temperature fluctuations. Moreover, this facile microwave-assisted method of preparation is highly reproducible and fully automated, it and can be applied for various different perovskite structures. In addition, this cost-effective method is expected to be easily scalable because of its versatility and low energy consumption. The crystallization process has low heat losses; therefore, only a low microwave reactor power of 8-15 W during the temperature changes and of less than 1 W during the temperature holding is needed.