Circulating MicroRNAs in Gastrointestinal Cancer
Masahisa Ohtsuka, Kazuya Iwamoto, Atsushi Naito, Mitsunobu Imasato, Satoshi Hyuga, Yujiro Nakahara, Manabu Mikamori, Kenta Furukawa, Jeongho Moon, Tadafumi Asaoka, Kentaro Kishi, Awad Shamma, Hiroki Akamatsu, Tsunekazu Mizushima, Hirofumi Yamamoto
Abstract
Gastrointestinal cancer (GIC) is a common disease and is considered to be the leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide; thus, new diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for GIC are urgently required. Noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) are functional RNAs that are transcribed from the genome but do not encode proteins. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are short ncRNAs that are reported to function as both oncogenes and tumor suppressors. Moreover, several miRNA-based drugs are currently proceeding to clinical trials for various diseases, including cancer. In recent years, the stability of circulating miRNAs in blood has been demonstrated. This is of interest because these miRNAs could be potential noninvasive biomarkers of cancer. In this review, we focus on circulating miRNAs associated with GIC and discuss their potential as novel biomarkers.