Advancements in synthetic biology-based bacterial cancer therapy: A modular design approach
Andrés Arboleda-García, Iván Alarcon‐Ruiz, Lissette Boada-Acosta, Yadira Boada, Alejandro Vignoni, Eloísa Jantus‐Lewintre
Abstract
Synthetic biology aims to program living bacteria cells with artificial genetic circuits for user-defined functions, transforming them into powerful tools with numerous applications in various fields, including oncology. Cancer treatments have serious side effects on patients due to the systemic action of the drugs involved. To address this, new systems that provide localized antitumoral action while minimizing damage to healthy tissues are required. Bacteria, often considered pathogenic agents, have been used as cancer treatments since the early 20th century. Advances in genetic engineering, synthetic biology, microbiology, and oncology have improved bacterial therapies, making them safer and more effective. Here we propose six modules for a successful synthetic biology-based bacterial cancer therapy, the modules include Payload, Release, Tumor-targeting, Biocontainment, Memory, and Genetic Circuit Stability Module. These will ensure antitumor activity, safety for the environment and patient, prevent bacterial colonization, maintain cell stability, and prevent loss or defunctionalization of the genetic circuit. • Proposal of a synthetic biology-based modular design for bacterial cancer therapies. • Identification of necessary modules and requirements for bacteria to be considered. • Recognition of limitations in current bacterial cancer therapies. • Aim to facilitate the development of new engineered bacteria against cancer. • Empowering to ensure no negative effects on the cancer patient or the environment.