A Review of the Impact of Climate Change on the Epidemiology of Gastrointestinal Nematode Infections in Small Ruminants and Wildlife in Tropical Conditions
Carlos Ramón Bautista Garfias, Gloria Sarahi Castañeda-Ramírez, Zaira M Estrada-Reyes, Filippe Elias de Freitas Soares, Javier Ventura-Cordero, Pedro Geraldo González-Pech, Eric R. Morgan, Jesús Soria-Ruíz, Guillermo López‐Guillén, Liliana Aguilar-Marcelino
Abstract
Climate change is causing detrimental changes in living organisms, including pathogens. This review aimed to determine how climate change has impacted livestock system management, and consequently, what factors influenced the gastrointestinal nematodes epidemiology in small ruminants under tropical conditions. The latter is orientated to find out the possible solutions responding to climate change adverse effects. Climate factors that affect the patterns of transmission of gastrointestinal parasites of domesticated ruminants are reviewed. Climate change has modified the behavior of several animal species, including parasites. For this reason, new control methods are required for controlling parasitic infections in livestock animals. After a pertinent literature analysis, conclusions and perspectives of control are given.