Light and energy‐based therapeutics for genitourinary applications: Consensus on protocols and best practices
Macrene Alexiades, Cheryl Iglesias, Eric R. Sokol, Adrián Gaspar, Yona Tadir
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Lasers and energy-based technologies have been developed for genitourinary applications over the past several decades. AIMS: This consensus article aims to categorize the published articles and clinical trial data that culminated in protocol development of technology for genitourinary applications, and to develop consistent parameters in future clinical trials. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The published articles and clinical trials data on lasers and energy-based devices applied to genitourinary conditions were categorized according to device and condition and consensus developed on protocols and parameters. RESULTS: The devices in genitourinary applications were classified as fractional lasers, radiofrequency and high-intensity focused electromagnetic field therapy. The consensus of the protocols and parameters based upon the published clinical trials of their application to the vaginal and urologic conditions associated with genitourinary syndrome of menopause was developed and organized according to device and condition. DISCUSSION: The status of FDA clearances and future pathways are discussed. CONCLUSIONS: This consensus article categorizes and presents the protocols and practices for the main classes of lasers and energy-based devices for genitourinary applications in future clinical trials.