Superior electrochemical energy storage in Ni/Co/Zr ternary composite: Insights from synthesis to performance in supercapacitors
Aman Kumar, M. A. Shah
Abstract
In this study, we synthesize a novel nickel–cobalt–zirconium (Ni/Co/Zr) ternary oxide composite using equimolar precursors through a simple, cost-effective one-pot hydrothermal method. We systematically investigate the material’s structural, morphological, and electrochemical properties. The Ni/Co/Zr composite exhibits outstanding electrochemical performance, driven by the synergistic interaction among nickel, cobalt, and zirconium, which collectively improve charge transport and redox activity. For comparison, individual metal oxides are also synthesized under identical conditions. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis reveals a multiphase structure comprising cubic and tetragonal phases corresponding to NiO, Co₃O₄, and ZrO₂. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) shows a porous, interconnected morphology that promotes high surface area and offers numerous electroactive sites. Electrochemical characterization demonstrates a remarkable specific capacitance of 1191 F g⁻¹ at a current density of 16 mA cm⁻², surpassing that of the single-component oxides. Galvanostatic charge–discharge (GCD) tests indicate prolonged discharge durations, confirming enhanced energy storage performance. Furthermore, the composite maintains 78.3 % of its initial capacitance after 3000 cycles, reflecting excellent cycling stability. These results highlight the Ni/Co/Zr ternary composite as a highly promising electrode material for next-generation supercapacitor applications.