“Smart” stimuli-responsive biomaterials revolutionizing the theranostic landscape of inflammatory arthritis
Sagnik Nag, Sourav Mohanto, Mohammed Gulzar Ahmed, Vetriselvan Subramaniyan
Abstract
Inflammatory arthritis is a growing worldwide concern, afflicting millions of individuals and leading to a depreciating quality of life, significant morbidity, and subsequent healthcare burden. Conventional therapies for inflammatory arthritis often hold limitations, including systemic cross-reactivities, side effects, and inadequate management of inflammation. Therefore, “Smart” stimuli-responsive biomaterials are materialized as promising theranostic approaches for inflammatory arthritis management. These biomaterials are designed for specific external and internal stimulation, enabling the sustained release of bioactive therapeutic agents during local or systemic administration. Stimuli-responsive biomaterials allow precise spatiotemporal control over drug release, minimizing systemic exposure, reducing off-target effects, and real-time monitoring of pathological conditions, driving a potential breakthrough in managing inflammatory arthritis. Owing to this prominence, this review article expounds on the emerging theranostic prospects of stimuli-responsive “Smart” biomaterials targeting the inflammatory molecular signatures associated with intricately inflammatory arthritis to elicit minimal or no contradictory side effects. In addition, the application of these biomaterials for real-time disease progression and multi-stimuli-responsive biomaterials is comprehended to show the progress in inflammatory arthritis diagnosis and treatment. This “single-platted” comprehensive acquaintance of molecular and clinical-based outcomes of stimuli-responsive biomaterials navigates the inflammatory microenvironment, proposing an optimistic avenue for personalized and effective management of inflammatory arthritis with minimized side effects.