Nanosensors in Leukemia Management: Pioneering Real‐Time Biomarker Detection for Precision Oncology
Hamed Soleimani Samarkhazan, Mohammad Navid Khaksari, Azim Mirzazadeh, Maryam Siavashi, Niloofar Pilehvari, Mohammad Hossein Mohammadi
Abstract
ABSTRACT Leukemia, a prevalent form of cancer in both children and adults, remains a significant healthcare challenge despite advancements in understanding its molecular biology and treatment strategies. Early detection is paramount for improving patient outcomes, and conventional diagnostic methods often fall short in sensitivity or specificity. Nanosensors are miniature devices capable of detecting various physical or chemical characteristics at the nanoscale. Their unique properties, including vast surface area and high electrical conductivity, make them ideal for developing highly sensitive biosensors for cancer biomarker detection. By integrating nanomaterials as transducers or amplifiers within biosensor systems, researchers are creating novel tools for the early detection of leukemia‐related biomarkers in blood samples. These biosensors hold immense promise for noninvasive and real‐time monitoring of cancer progression, enabling prompt intervention and personalized treatment strategies. The review delves into the different types of nanomaterials used for constructing nanosensors for leukemia monitoring, including liposomes, polymeric nanoparticles and inorganic nanoparticles. It explores the advantages and disadvantages of each type of nanomaterial for this application. Additionally, the review discusses the design principles and fabrication methods used to create nanosensors, highlighting the challenges and opportunities associated with this technology.