Phosphorylation of <i>Toxoplasma gondii</i> Secreted Proteins during Acute and Chronic Stages of Infection
Joanna C. Young, Malgorzata Broncel, Helena Teague, Matthew R. G. Russell, Olivia L. McGovern, Matthew J. Renshaw, David Frith, Ambrosius P. Snijders, Lucy Collinson, Vern B. Carruthers, Sarah E. Ewald, Moritz Treeck
Abstract
Toxoplasma gondii is a common parasite that infects up to one-third of the human population. Initially, the parasite grows rapidly, infecting and destroying cells of the host, but subsequently switches to a slow-growing form and establishes chronic infection. In both stages, the parasite lives within a membrane-bound vacuole within the host cell, but in the chronic stage, a durable cyst wall is synthesized, which provides protection to the parasite during transmission to a new host. Toxoplasma secretes proteins into the vacuole to build its replicative niche, and previous studies identified many of these proteins as phosphorylated. We investigate two secreted proteins and show that a phosphorylated region plays an important role in their regulation in acute stages. We also observed widespread phosphorylation of secreted proteins when parasites convert from acute to chronic stages, providing new insight into how the cyst wall may be dynamically regulated.