The PhenX Toolkit: Measurement Protocols for Assessment of Social Determinants of Health
Michelle C. Krzyzanowski, Cataia Ives, Nancy Lee Jones, Barbara Entwisle, Alicia Fernández, Theresa Cullen, William Darity, Mark Fossett, Patrick Remington, Maile Taualii, Consuelo H. Wilkins, Eliseo J. Pérez‐Stable, Nishadi Rajapakse, Nancy Breen, Xinzhi Zhang, Deborah Maiese, Tabitha Hendershot, Meisha Mandal, Stephen Y. Hwang, Wayne Huggins, Lauren Gridley, Amanda Riley, Erin M. Ramos, Carol M. Hamilton
Abstract
INTRODUCTION: Social determinants are structures and conditions in the biological, physical, built, and social environments that affect health, social and physical functioning, health risk, quality of life, and health outcomes. The adoption of recommended, standard measurement protocols for social determinants of health will advance the science of minority health and health disparities research and provide standard social determinants of health protocols for inclusion in all studies with human participants. METHODS: A PhenX (consensus measures for Phenotypes and eXposures) Working Group of social determinants of health experts was convened from October 2018 to May 2020 and followed a well-established consensus process to identify and recommend social determinants of health measurement protocols. The PhenX Toolkit contains data collection protocols suitable for inclusion in a wide range of research studies. The recommended social determinants of health protocols were shared with the broader scientific community to invite review and feedback before being added to the Toolkit. RESULTS: Nineteen social determinants of health protocols were released in the PhenX Toolkit (https://www.phenxtoolkit.org) in May 2020 to provide measures at the individual and structural levels for built and natural environments, structural racism, economic resources, employment status, occupational health and safety, education, environmental exposures, food environment, health and health care, and sociocultural community context. CONCLUSIONS: Promoting the adoption of well-established social determinants of health protocols can enable consistent data collection and facilitate comparing and combining studies, with the potential to increase their scientific impact.