Biomass-derived hydrochar and activated carbon in pharmaceutical pollution mitigation: a comprehensive overview
Thi Mai Vu, Thi Minh Phuong Nguyen, Huu Tạp Van, Ngoc Thuan Le, Dinh-Trinh Tran
Abstract
for sulfamethoxazole. Despite these advancements, challenges persist, including non-selective adsorption, pH sensitivity (optimal range of 6-8) and limited regeneration efficiency, with a capacity reduction of 18-23% after five cycles. Despite its potential, challenges such as non-selective adsorption, pH sensitivity and limited regeneration efficiency remain. This review highlights hydrochar and HDAC's versatility and sustainability, advocating for further research to refine activation methodologies, optimize regeneration techniques and scale its application in pharmaceutical wastewater treatment. By incorporating hydrochar into sustainable wastewater management frameworks, it is feasible to mitigate the environmental impact of pharmaceutical pollution effectively.