Evolving approaches in glioma treatment: harnessing the potential of copper metabolism modulation
Riccardo Cazzoli, Agata Zamborlin, Maria Laura Ermini, Antonietta Salerno, Manuela Curcio, Fiore Pasquale Nicoletta, Francesca Iemma, Orazio Vittorio, Valerio Voliani, Giuseppe Cirillo
Abstract
gold, silver, palladium, and platinum), copper nanoparticles are rapidly cleared from organs with low systemic toxicity and benefit from the copper's low cost and wide availability. Within this review, we aim to explore the impact of copper in cancer research, focusing on glioma, the most common primary brain tumour. Glioma accounts for about 80% of all malignant brain tumours and shows a poor prognosis with the five-year survival rate being less than 5%. After introducing the glioma pathogenesis and the limitation of current therapeutic strategies, we will discuss the potential impact of copper therapy and present the key results of the most relevant literature to establish a reliable foundation for future development of copper-based approaches.