Demographic and Regional Trends of Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy-Related Mortality in the United States, 1999 to 2019
Abdul Mannan Khan Minhas, Rachel A. Wyand, Robert W. Ariss, Salik Nazir, Muhammad Shahzeb Khan, Xiaoming Jia, Stephen J. Greene, Marat Fudim, Andrew Wang, Haider J. Warraich, Ankur Kalra, Mahboob Alam, Salim S. Virani
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM)-related mortality has been decreasing within the United States; however, persistent disparities in demographic subsets may exist. In this study, we assessed nationwide trends in mortality related to HCM among people ≥15 years of age in the United States from 1999 to 2019. METHODS: Trends in mortality related to HCM were assessed through a cross-sectional analysis of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Wide-Ranging Online Data for Epidemiological Research database. Age-adjusted mortality rates per 1 000 000 people and associated annual percent changes with 95% CIs were determined. Joinpoint regression was used to assess the trends in the overall, demographic (sex, race and ethnicity, age), and regional groups. RESULTS: Between 1999 and 2019, 39 200 HCM-related deaths occurred. In the overall population, age-adjusted mortality rate decreased from 11.2 in 1999 to 5.4 in 2019. Higher mortality rates were observed for males, Black patients, and patients ≥75 years of age. Large metropolitan counties experienced pronounced declines in age-adjusted mortality rate over the study period. In addition, California had the highest overall age-adjusted mortality rate. CONCLUSIONS: Over the past 2 decades, HCM-related mortality has decreased overall in the United States. However, demographic and geographic disparities in HCM-related mortality have persisted over time and require further investigation.