Mapping of corneal birefringence in thin and asymmetric keratoconus corneas with ultrahigh-resolution polarization-sensitive OCT
Rahul Patil, Rohit Shetty, Raghav Narasimhan, Yash Patel, Pooja Khamar, Michael Pircher, Christoph K. Hitzenberger, Rudy M.M.A. Nuijts, Abhijit Sinha Roy
Abstract
PURPOSE: To evaluate phase retardation (PR) across healthy eyes and eyes with thin corneas (<500 μm) and with asymmetric and bilateral keratoconus (KC). SETTING: Narayana Nethralaya Eye Hospital, Bangalore, India. DESIGN: Observational cross-sectional. METHODS: There were 4 eye groups: healthy eyes (Group 1; n = 10 eyes), eyes with thin corneas and no clinical disease (Group 2; n = 10 eyes), eyes with asymmetric KC (Group 3; n = 5 eyes), and eyes with clinical KC (Group 4; n = 15 eyes). All eyes were imaged with polarization-sensitive optical coherence tomography (PS-OCT), MS-39, and Corvis-ST. Using PS-OCT, PR was analyzed in annular regions. The anterior (A-E) and Bowman (E-B) wavefront aberrations, epithelial Zernike indices (EZI), total corneal thickness, Corvis biomechanical index (CBI), total biomechanical index (TBI), and Belin-Ambrósio overall deviation index (BAD-D) were analyzed. RESULTS: Only CBI, TBI, BAD-D, A-E and E-B aberrations, EZI, and total corneal thickness distributions of Groups 1 (n =10), 2 (n =10), and 3 (n =5) were similar ( P > .05) but not CCT ( P < .05). PR distributions clearly showed that the eyes in Groups 1, 2, and 3 had a normal corneal birefringence unlike Group 4 (n = 10) eyes ( P < .05). The PR map was similar to the preferred orientations of collagen fibers seen in X-ray diffraction ex vivo studies of corneal stroma. CONCLUSIONS: PR distributions may eliminate the uncertainty associated with the stromal status of thin and asymmetric KC corneas. Group 2 and 3 eyes appeared as healthy because of normal corneal birefringence at the time of imaging, but a longitudinal follow-up of these eyes with PS-OCT may assist in early detection of onset of disease.