Integrating digital health technologies into the healthcare system: Challenges and opportunities in Nigeria
Adaeze Elfrida Egwudo, Ayodapo Oluwadare Jegede, Tolulope Oyeniyi, Nkolika Jacinta Ezekwelu, Samirah N Abdu-Aguye, Azuka Patrick Okwuraiwe, Chizaram Onyeaghala, Theresa Obiageli Ozoude, Muritala O. Suleiman, Grace Aziken, Oluchukwu Perpetual Okeke, Olunike R. Abodunrin, George Uchenna Eleje, Folahanmi Tomiwa Akinsolu, Olajide Odunayo Sobande
Abstract
Integrating digital health technologies (DHTs) in Nigeria's healthcare system holds promise, yet the opportunities, challenges, and strategies influencing their success remain insufficiently explored. This scoping review aimed to map these factors, focusing on healthcare settings in Nigeria. A comprehensive search of databases (PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and CINAHL) and Google Scholar identified publications on DHT use in Nigeria from July 1, 2014, to June 30, 2024. A total of 31 observational and experimental studies were included involving healthcare workers, patients, caregivers, or other stakeholders impacted by DHT integration. Key findings revealed that DHTs enhanced treatment adherence, healthcare utilization, and community engagement while expanding technology infrastructure for scaling interventions. Notable opportunities included support and training and improved data quality. However, challenges such as operational and logistical barriers, inadequate network coverage, and cultural and gender sensitivity issues were prevalent. Strategies to address these challenges focused on continuous training for healthcare workers, community involvement to foster engagement, and data reporting and quality improvements. Despite their potential to transform healthcare delivery, particularly in underserved areas, successful integration of DHTs in Nigeria requires addressing infrastructure gaps, cultural norms, and operational challenges. Community engagement, capacity building for healthcare workers, and data-driven decision-making are critical to maximizing the impact of digital health interventions in Nigeria.