Expanding the phenotype of <scp><i>HNRNPU</i></scp>‐related neurodevelopmental disorder with emphasis on seizure phenotype and review of literature
James R. Taylor, Michael Spiller, Kara Ranguin, Antonio Vitobello, Christophe Philippe, Ange‐Line Bruel, Gerarda Cappuccio, Nicola Brunetti‐Pierri, Marjolaine Willems, Bertrand Isidor, Kristen Park, Meena Balasubramanian
Abstract
Pathogenic variants in heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein U (HNRNPU) results in a novel neurodevelopmental disorder recently delineated. Here, we report on 17 previously unpublished patients carrying HNRNPU pathogenic variants. All patients were found to harbor de novo loss-of-function variants except for one individual where the inheritance could not be determined, as a parent was unavailable for testing. All patients had seizures which started in early childhood, global developmental delay, intellectual disability, and dysmorphic features. In addition, hypotonia, behavioral abnormalities (such as autistic features, aggression, anxiety, and obsessive-compulsive behaviors), and cardiac (septal defects) and/or brain abnormalities (ventriculomegaly and corpus callosum thinning/agenesis) were frequently observed. We have noted four recurrent variants in the literature (c.1089G>A p.(Trp363*), c.706_707del p.(Glu236Thrfs*6), c.847_857del p.(Phe283Serfs*5), and c.1681dels p.(Gln561Serfs*45)).