Pollution Impacts on Marine Biotic Communities
Michael J. Kennish
Abstract
Introduction Statement of the Problem Sources of Pollution Plan of the Volume Pollution in Estuarine and Marine Environments Introduction Conflicting Coastal Resource Uses Definitions Waste Inputs Point and Nonpoint Pollution Sources Fate of Wastes and Pollutants Biotic Effects of Waste Inputs Types of Marine Pollutants Other Anthropogenic Impacts Marine Pollution Monitoring and Assessment Status of Marine Pollution References Case Study 1: New York Bight Apex Introduction Area Description and Pollutant Sources Historical Developments Biotic Studies References Case Study 2: Chesapeake Bay Introduction Principal Pollution Problems Other Anthropogenic Impacts Biotic Communities References Case Study 3: Southern California Bight Introduction Physical Description Waste Disposal Biotic Effects Conclusions References Case Study 4: San Francisco Bay Introduction Principal Anthropogenic Impacts Other Anthropogenic Impacts Biotic Communities Conclusions References Case Study 5: Puget Sound Introduction Physical Description Chemical Contamination Biotic Impacts References Case Study 6: Firth of Clyde and the Tees River Estuary Introduction Firth of Clyde, Scotland Tees River Estuary References Case Study 7: Wadden Sea Introduction Physical Description Pollution Sources Eutrophication Effects Conclusions References