Renoprotective role of bariatric surgery in patients with established chronic kidney disease
Enrique Morales, Esteban Porrini, Marina Martín-Taboada, Sergio Luis‐Lima, Rocío Vila‐Bedmar, Ignacio González de Pablos, Pilar Gómez, Elías Rodríguez Rodríguez, Lucía Torres, Borja Lanzón, Ana Elena Rodríguez‐Rodríguez, María Maíz, Gema Medina‐Gómez, Manuel Praga
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Bariatric surgery (BS) has been postulated as the most effective measure for weight reduction. Weight loss improves metabolic parameters and exerts changes in renal function that lead to the amelioration of absolute or relative glomerular hyperfiltration, a condition that may be renoprotective in the long term. However, few studies have demonstrated the influence of BS in patients with severe obesity and chronic kidney disease (CKD). Our objective was to analyse the evolution of renal function, adipose tissue-derived molecules and inflammatory parameters in patients with CKD after BS. METHODS: This is an observational and prospective study. Thirty patients were screened and 12 were included between January 2016 and January 2018 with a 24-month follow-up. Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) was determined by plasma iohexol clearance. Adipokines, cytokines, circulating hormones and fibrotic parameters were evaluated before and 12 months after BS using the Bioplex system. RESULTS: and 66.7% were diabetic. Twenty-four months following BS there was a significant decrease in body weight (36.4%). Proteinuria decreased by 63.7 ± 28.2%. Measured GFR significantly diminished from before surgery to Month 24 after surgery (94 ± 44 to 79 ± 44 mL/min, P = 0.03). There was a significant decrease in adipocyte-derived molecules (leptin and vifastin) as well as in pro-inflammatory cytokines [interleukin (IL)-1β, tumour necrosis factor α, IL-6 and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1] and other circulating factors (vascular endothelial growth factor and transforming growth factor β isoforms). CONCLUSIONS: BS is an effective option to prevent kidney damage in obese subjects with CKD due to the improvement of glomerular hyperfiltration, adipocyte cytokines metabolic and inflammatory parameters.