Environmental aspects of batteries
Mohammad Ali Abdelkareem, Mohamad Ayoub, Siren Khuri, Abdul Hai Alami, Enas Taha Sayed, T. D. Deepa, A.G. Olabi
Abstract
This work showcases the environmental aspects of batteries, focusing on their positive and negative impacts. The various types of batteries along with their merits are introduced. Then, the positive environmental impacts of batteries within the context of greenhouse gas emissions’ reduction, through utilizing them in key day-to-day applications, are highlighted. This work also highlights how batteries enable peak shaving and grid stability, leading to efficient energy management and attenuated emission levels. Additionally, the environmental benefits of batteries in the marine and aviation industries are explored. However, the study does not overlook the negative environmental impacts of batteries, particularly during the manufacturing phase, which involves undesirable emissions. Health risks associated with water and metal pollution during battery manufacturing and disposal are also addressed. The presented assessment of the impact spectrum of batteries places green practices at the forefront of solutions that elevate the sustainability of battery production, usages, and disposal.