Diversity and Seasonal Distribution of Hard Ticks in Livestock Animal Population from Western part of Uttar Pradesh in India
Sachin Kumar, Arbind Singh, Raquel Cossío-Bayúgar, Eslam Moradi‐Asl, Deepak Singh, Ashok Kumar Chaubey
Abstract
The present study was conducted for epidemiological examination of seasonal tick infesting on livestock animals (cattle and buffalo).The investigation was carried out from March 2019 to February 2020 period at different districts of western regions of Uttar Pradesh.The western regions comprise of Amroha (AMR), Moradabad (MBD), Rampur (RMP), Bareilly (BLY), Bijnor (BJN), Chandousi (CHD), Hapur (HPU), Bhagpat (BGT), Baraut (BRT), Ghziabad (GZB), Muzaffarnagar (MZN) and Shaharnpur (SHN).The region is located between 26°251 N to 300 251 N and 770101 E to 800 251E.The selected districts were investigate carefully for the presence of ticks and in positive cases ticks were collected manually and identified on the basis of morphological characters.The total numbers of animals (5696) were examined on the basis of random collection in throughout the year.The total number of cattle (1792) was infested out of 3250 cattle and the total number of buffalo (805) was infested out of 2446 buffalo animals, respectively.The large number of animals was suffered to tick infestation in BLY, MZ, BJN, MBD and RMP.The highest tick infection was recorded in BJN (48.8 ± 10.7) and MZN (48.8 ± 14.0) and the minimum was in AMR district (39.0 ± 13.6).The periodic examination highest tick infestation was observed in rainy season (68.5%), followed by summer (48.3%) while lowest in the winter (22.9%).The large number of positive case was reported in cattle (1792) followed by buffalo (805).The high rate of tick infection was recorded in cattle (55.0%) while the lowest was in Buffalo (33.0%).During the study, rainy season were found highly significant (p<0.001) in cattle comparing with results in summer and winter seasons.The inverted distance weighted (IDW) uses the measured values surrounding the prediction location.The measured value closest to the prediction location have more influence on the predicted value than those farther away.On the basis of morphological studies, two species of ticks were identified namely Rhipicephalus microplus and Hyalomma anatolicum.The commonly suckle sites for adult ticks were neck, axilla, belly, groin, udder, perineal regions and tail.The present study revealed that widespread distribution of major tick infestation in cattle and bovine in targeted areas.It is concluded that ticks infestation are most prevalent in the cattle and buffalo.