Distance-based paper analytical device for multiplexed quantification of cytokine biomarkers using carbon dots integrated with molecularly imprinted polymer
Kawin Khachornsakkul, Ruben Del‐Rio‐Ruiz, Lita Chheang, Wenxin Zeng, Sameer Sonkusale
Abstract
for CRP, TNF-α, and IL-6, respectively. This sensor also demonstrated remarkable selectivity compared to a sensor employing a non-imprinted polymer (NIP), and precision with the highest relative standard deviation (RSD) of 5.14%. The sensor is more accessible compared to prior methods relying on expensive reagents and instruments and complex fabrication methods. Furthermore, the assay provided notable accuracy for monitoring these biomarkers in various human samples with recovery percentages ranging between 99.22% and 103.58%. By integrating microfluidic systems, nanosensing, and MIPs technology, our developed dPADs hold significant potential as a cost-effective and user-friendly analytical method for point-of-care diagnostics (POC) of cytokine-related disorders. This concept can be further extended to developing diagnostic devices for other biomarkers.