Fluorescence/Colorimetry/Smartphone Triple-Mode Sensing of Dopamine by a COF-Based Peroxidase-Mimic Platform
Jieyu Yue, Li-Ping Song, Yutong Wang, Peng Yang, Yu Ma, Bo Tang
Abstract
Simple and accurate monitoring of urinary dopamine (DA) concentration is significant, which is helpful for the assessment or exclusion of catecholamine-producing tumors, such as pheochromocytoma and paraganglioma. Herein, a fluorescence/colorimetry/smartphone triple-mode sensing platform for DA determination was constructed using copper ion (Cu2+)-modified hydrazone-linked covalent organic frameworks (Cu-BTA-COF). Cu-BTA-COF with 21.67 wt % copper content exhibited peroxidase-mimic activity. After adding H2O2 and 1,3-dihydroxynaphthalene, the Cu-BTA-COF platform can sensitively and selectively detect DA in three modes with consistent results. In fluorescence/colorimetry/smartphone modes, the linear ranges of DA were 1–10, 0.2–40, and 1–10 μM, with related detection limits of 7.2, 8.6, and 23 nM, respectively. Moreover, the Cu-BTA-COF platform can be explored for DA determination in human urine samples with satisfactory recoveries (97.6–100.4%) in all the three modes, suggesting the potential practical application of the Cu-BTA-COF platform for DA detection in urine.