Electrocardiographic prediction of left ventricular hypertrophy in women and men with left bundle branch block – Comparison of QRS duration, amplitude and voltage-time-integral

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Standard ECG criteria for left ventricular (LV) hypertrophy rely on QRS amplitudes. However, in the setting of left bundle branch block (LBBB), ECG correlates of LV hypertrophy are not well established. We sought to evaluate quantitative ECG predictors of LV hypertrophy in the presence of LBBB. METHODS: We included adult patients with typical LBBB having ECG and transthoracic echocardiogram performed within 3 months of each other in 2010-2020. Orthogonal X, Y, Z leads were reconstructed from digital 12‑lead ECGs using Kors's matrix. In addition to QRS duration, we evaluated QRS amplitudes and voltage-time-integrals (VTIs) from all 12 leads, X, Y, Z leads and 3D (root-mean-squared) ECG. We used age, sex and BSA-adjusted linear regressions to predict echocardiographic LV calculations (mass, end-diastolic and end-systolic volumes, ejection fraction) from ECG, and separately generated ROC curves for predicting echocardiographic abnormalities. RESULTS: We included 413 patients (53% women, age 73 ± 12 years). All 4 echocardiographic LV calculations were most strongly correlated with QRS duration (all p < 0.00001). In women, QRS duration ≥ 150 ms had sensitivity/specificity 56.3%/64.4% for increased LV mass and 62.7%/67.8% for increased LV end-diastolic volume. In men, QRS duration ≥ 160 ms had a sensitivity/specificity 63.1%/72.1% for increased LV mass and 58.3%/74.5% for increased LV end-diastolic volume. QRS duration was best able to discriminate eccentric hypertrophy (area under ROC curve 0.701) and increased LV end-diastolic volume (0.681). CONCLUSIONS: In patients with LBBB, QRS duration (≥ 150 in women and ≥ 160 in men) is a superior predictor of LV remodeling esp. eccentric hypertrophy and dilation.

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