Skin-Interfaced Wearable Sensor for Long-Term Reliable Monitoring of Uric Acid and pH in Sweat
Danfeng Jiang, Xiaohu Liu, Wenjun Zhan, Mengmeng Fu, Jiacheng Liu, Jialun He, Yunlong Li, Yingguo Li, Xiao Dong Chen, Chao Yu
Abstract
Wearable sweat sensors offering real-time monitoring of biomarker levels suffer from stability and accuracy issues, primarily due to low biomarker concentrations, fluctuating sweat pH, and material detachment from sensor deformation. Here, we developed a wearable sensing system integrated with two advanced electrodes and a flexible microchannel for long-term reliable monitoring of sweat pH and uric acid (UA). By printing the ink doped with nanomaterials (Co 3 O 4 @CuCo 2 O 4 and polyaniline), we achieved highly stable electrodes for the direct analysis of perspiration, without additional surface modification. Additionally, real-time pH analysis provided a means for sensitivity calibration, reducing the effect of individual metabolism and exercise intensity. As a result, the wearable sensing system for effective gout management was validated by accurately tracking the UA fluctuations in serum and sweat of hyperuricemia patients and healthy individuals. These findings offer a reliable method for tracking biomarkers to assess personal health.