Advances in Agricultural Technology: A Review of Slow-Release Nanofertilizers and Innovative Carriers
Helder Belato Espindola Sales, Adriano de Souza Carolino, Ronald Zico de Aguiar Nunes, Célio Matias Airone Macalia, Camila Macena Ruzo, Camila da Costa Pinto, Jaqueline de Araújo Bezerra, Pedro Henrique Campelo, Ştefan Ţălu, Luiz K.C. de Souza, Edgar Aparecido Sanches
Abstract
Nanofertilizers represent a promising and innovative solution in modern agriculture, offering sustainability and efficiency to improve crop performance and optimize natural resource utilization. These fertilizers are distinguished by their nanometer-sized particles, facilitating better absorption and utilization by crops. A notable approach in nanofertilizer formulation is the controlled release of nutrients, ensuring a steady and gradual availability of essential elements to plants throughout their growth cycle. This approach curtails excessive fertilizer application, reduces leaching, minimizes negative environmental impact, and enhances nutrient utilization efficiency. Innovative carriers, in turn, play a fundamental role in the precise delivery of nutrients. Eco-friendly materials are being explored as sustainable alternatives to encapsulate the nutrients, ensuring they are available to plants when needed. This not only contributes to the preservation of natural resources but also reduces the negative environmental impacts associated with conventional agriculture. Therefore, this review article highlights promising advancements in agricultural technology, with a focus on the utilization of slow-release nanofertilizers and innovative carriers as sources of essential nutrients such as nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium in agricultural practices, emphasizing the use of these technologies to promote environmental sustainability and agricultural efficiency.