Role of Lipid Profile and Its Relative Ratios (Cholesterol/HDL-C, Triglyceride/HDL-C, LDL-C/HDL-C, WBC/HDL-C, and FBG/HDL-C) on Admission Predicts In-Hospital Mortality COVID-19
Jafar Mohammadshahi, Hassan Ghobadi, Golchin Matinfar, Mohammad Hossein Boskabady, Mohammad Reza Aslani
Abstract
Background. Lipid profile and its related ratios such as total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C), triglyceride (TG), high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C), TG/HDL-C ratio, TC/HDL-C ratio, LDL-C/HDL-C ratio, white blood cell (WBC)/HDL-C ratio, and fasting blood glucose (FBG)/HDL-C ratio are valuable indicators that have been studied in various disorders to predict mortality. The present study was conducted with the aim of investigating the role of lipid profile ratios in predicting mortality in COVID-19 patients. Methods. At the beginning of hospitalization, laboratory tests were taken from all patients ( <a:math xmlns:a="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M1"> <a:mi>n</a:mi> <a:mo>=</a:mo> <a:mn>300</a:mn> </a:math> ). The ability of lipid profile ratios to determine the COVID-19 severity was evaluated using receiver-operating characteristic (ROC). In addition, survival probability was determined with the average of Kaplan-Meier curves, so that the end point was death. Results. In deceased patients, TG, TC, LDL-C, HDL-C, TC/HDL-C, TG/HDL-C, and LDL-C/HDL-C parameters were significantly lower than those of surviving patients, while WBC/HDL-C and FBG/HDL-C were significantly higher. TC ( <c:math xmlns:c="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M2"> <c:mtext>HR</c:mtext> <c:mo>=</c:mo> <c:mn>3.178</c:mn> </c:math> , <e:math xmlns:e="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M3"> <e:mn>95</e:mn> <e:mi>%</e:mi> <e:mtext>CI</e:mtext> <e:mo>=</e:mo> <e:mn>1.064</e:mn> </e:math> to 9.491, <g:math xmlns:g="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M4"> <g:mi>P</g:mi> <g:mo><</g:mo> <g:mn>0.05</g:mn> </g:math> ), TG ( <i:math xmlns:i="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M5"> <i:mtext>HR</i:mtext> <i:mo>=</i:mo> <i:mn>3.276</i:mn> </i:math> , <k:math xmlns:k="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M6"> <k:mn>95</k:mn> <k:mi>%</k:mi> <k:mtext>CI</k:mtext> <k:mo>=</k:mo> <k:mn>1.111</k:mn> </k:math> to 9.655, <m:math xmlns:m="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M7"> <m:mi>P</m:mi> <m:mo><</m:mo> <m:mn>0.05</m:mn> </m:math> ), LDL-C ( <o:math xmlns:o="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M8"> <o:mtext>HR</o:mtext> <o:mo>=</o:mo> <o:mn>3.207</o:mn> </o:math> , <q:math xmlns:q="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M9"> <q:mn>95</q:mn> <q:mi>%</q:mi> <q:mtext>CI</q:mtext> <q:mo>=</q:mo> <q:mn>1.104</q:mn> </q:math> to 9.316, <s:math xmlns:s="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M10"> <s:mi>P</s:mi> <s:mo><</s:mo> <s:mn>0.05</s:mn> </s:math> ), and HDL-C ( <u:math xmlns:u="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M11"> <u:mtext>HR</u:mtext> <u:mo>=</u:mo> <u:mn>3.690</u:mn> </u:math> , <w:math xmlns:w="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M12"> <w:mn>95</w:mn> <w:mi>%</w:mi> <w:mtext>CI</w:mtext> <w:mo>=</w:mo> <w:mn>1.290</w:mn> </w:math> to 10.554, <y:math xmlns:y="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M13"> <y:mi>P</y:mi> <y:mo><</y:mo> <y:mn>0.05</y:mn> </y:math> ), as well as TC/HDL-C ( <ab:math xmlns:ab="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M14"> <ab:mtext>HR</ab:mtext> <ab:mo>=</ab:mo> <ab:mn>3.860</ab:mn> </ab:math> , <cb:math xmlns:cb="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M15"> <cb:mn>95</cb:mn> <cb:mi>%</cb:mi> <cb:mtext>CI</cb:mtext> <cb:mo>=</cb:mo> <cb:mn>1.289</cb:mn> </cb:math> to 11.558, <eb:math xmlns:eb="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M16"> <eb:mi>P</eb:mi> <eb:mo><</eb:mo> <eb:mn>0.05</eb:mn> </eb:math> ), TG/HDL-C ( <gb:math xmlns:gb="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M17"> <gb:mtext>HR</gb:mtext> <gb:mo>=</gb:mo> <gb:mn>3.860</gb:mn> </gb:math> , <ib:math xmlns:ib="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M18"> <ib:mn>95</ib:mn> <ib:mi>%</ib:mi> <ib:mtext>CI</ib:mtext> <ib:mo>=</ib:mo> <ib:mn>1.289</ib:mn> </ib:math> to 11.558, <kb:math xmlns:kb="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M19"> <kb:mi>P</kb:mi> <kb:mo><</kb:mo> <kb:mn>0.05</kb:mn> </kb:math> ), LDL-C/HDL-C ( <mb:math xmlns:mb="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M20"> <mb:mtext>HR</mb:mtext> <mb:mo>=</mb:mo> <mb:mn>3.915</mb:mn> </mb:math> , <ob:math xmlns:ob="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M21"> <ob:mn>95</ob:mn> <ob:mi>%</ob:mi> <ob:mtext>CI</ob:mtext> <ob:mo>=</ob:mo> <ob:mn>1.305</ob:mn> </ob:math> to 11.739, <qb:math xmlns:qb="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M22"> <qb:mi>P</qb:mi> <qb:mo><</qb:mo> <qb:mn>0.05</qb:mn> </qb:math> ), WBC/HDL-C ( <sb:math xmlns:sb="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M23"> <sb:mtext>HR</sb:mtext> <sb:mo>=</sb:mo> <sb:mn>3.232</sb:mn> </sb:math> , <ub:math xmlns:ub="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M24"> <ub:mn>95</ub:mn> <ub:mi>%</ub:mi> <ub:mtext>CI</ub:mtext> <ub:mo>=</ub:mo> <ub:mn>1.176</ub:mn> </ub:math> to 8.885, <wb:math xmlns:wb="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M25"> <wb:mi>P</wb:mi> <wb:mo><</wb:mo> <wb:mn>0.05</wb:mn> </wb:math> ), and FBG/HDL-C ratios ( <yb:math xmlns:yb="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M26"> <yb:mtext>HR</yb:mtext> <yb:mo>=</yb:mo> <yb:mn>4.474</yb:mn> </yb:math>