Manipulating the crystallization kinetics of halide perovskites for large-area solar modules
Zhaojin Wang, Xiao Duan, Jing Zhang, Wenbin Yuan, Dinghao Qu, You Chen, Lijuan He, Haoran Wang, Guang Yang, Wei Zhang, Yang Bai, Hui–Ming Cheng
Abstract
Abstract In the last decade, laboratory-scale single-junction perovskite solar cells have achieved a remarkable power conversion efficiency exceeding 26.1%. However, the transition to industrial-scale production has unveiled a significant efficiency gap. The central challenge lies in the difficulty of achieving uniform, high-quality perovskite films on a large scale. To tackle this issue, various innovative strategies for manipulating crystallization have emerged in recent years. Based on an in-depth fundamental understanding of the nucleation and growth mechanisms in large-area perovskite films prepared through blade/slot-die coating methods, this review offers a critical examination of crystallization manipulation strategies for large-area perovskite solar modules. Lastly, we explore future avenues aimed at enhancing the efficiency and stability of large-area PSMs, thereby steering the field toward commercially viable applications.