Privatization of Biofilm Matrix in Structurally Heterogeneous Biofilms
Simon B. Otto, Marivic Martin, Daniel W. Schafer, Raimo Hartmann, Knut Drescher, Susanne Brix, Anna Dragoš, Ákos T. Kovács
Abstract
Biofilms are communities of bacteria protected by a self-produced extracellular matrix. The detrimental effects of nonproducing individuals on biofilm development raise questions about the dynamics between community members, especially when isogenic nonproducers exist within wild-type populations. We asked ourselves whether phenotypic nonproducers impact biofilm robustness, and where and when this heterogeneity of matrix gene expression occurs. Based on our results, we propose that the matrix remains partly privatized by the producing subpopulation, since producing cells stick together when exposed to shear stress. The important role of linkage proteins in robustness and development of the structurally heterogeneous biofilm provides an entry into studying the privatization of common goods within isogenic populations.