Examining CO <sub>2</sub> as an Additive for Solid Electrolyte Interphase Formation on Silicon Anodes
Emma Hopkins, Sarah Frisco, Ryan T. Pekarek, Caleb Stetson, Zoey Huey, Steven P. Harvey, Xiang Li, Baris Key, Fang Chen, Gao Liu, Guang Yang, Glenn Teeter, Nathan R. Neale, Gabriel M. Veith
Abstract
We demonstrate that the addition of CO 2 to a standard 1.0 M LiPF 6 3:7 wt% ethylene carbonate:ethyl methyl carbonate electrolyte results in the formation of a thinner insoluble solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) that is dominated by the presence of LiF. In contrast, cells without CO 2 result in a thicker insoluble SEI layer containing more organic constituents. The CO 2 is incorporated in the dimethyl carbonate soluble part of the SEI composed primarily of polymeric poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) on the surface of a thin inorganic layer. This combination of properties from CO 2 addition provides an improved cycling performance through the reduction of irreversible side reactions, leading to higher coulombic efficiency. The results indicate that CO 2 incorporates into the SEI and plays a role similar to additives like fluorinated ethylene carbonate and vinylene carbonate with respect to polymeric components.