The Research Progress of Exosomes in Osteoarthritis, With Particular Emphasis on the Therapeutic Effect
Shang Xian Bo, Wang Chen, Chang Liu, Yu Ran, Guo Hui Hui, Zhu Ya Kun, Xie Wu Kun, Fan Tao, Cheng Wen Dan
Abstract
Exosomes participate in many physiological and pathological processes by regulating cell-to-cell communication. This affects the etiology and development of diseases, such as osteoarthritis (OA). Although exosomes in the OA tissue microenvironment are involved in the progression of OA, exosomes derived from therapeutic cells represent a new therapeutic strategy for OA treatment. Recent studies have shown that exosomes participate in OA treatment by regulating the proliferation, apoptosis, inflammation, and extracellular matrix synthesis of chondrocytes. However, studies in this field are scant. This review summarizes the therapeutic properties of exosomes on chondrocytes in OA and their underlying molecular mechanisms. We also discuss the challenges and prospects of exosome-based OA treatment.