Microstructure-Controlled Li-Rich Mn-Based Cathodes by a Gas–Solid Interface Reaction for Tackling the Continuous Activation of Li<sub>2</sub>MnO<sub>3</sub>
Mengke Zhang, Lang Qiu, Yan Sun, Yang Song, Zhenguo Wu, Yuxia Liu, Zhiwei Yang, Yang Liu, Jun Zhang, Benhe Zhong, Xiaodong Guo
Abstract
Li-rich Mn-based cathodes have attracted much attention due to their high capacity stemming from anion redox above 4.5 V. However, the continuous activation of Li2MnO3 in Li-rich Mn-based materials, which correlates with O2 release and TM migration, is usually unfavorable to structural stability. Herein, based on a gas–solid interface reaction, we tackle this continuous activation phenomenon by restricting the capacity release of Li2MnO3 via NH4HCO3 treatment in the Li1.2Ni0.36Mn0.44O2 cathode. After modification, oxygen vacancies associated with the spinel phase are introduced on the surface. The 4 mol % NH4HCO3-modified material’s capacity starts at 182 mAh g–1 at 1 C instead of increasing from 173 to 186 mAh g–1 for 25 cycles in the pristine material. Meanwhile, it also exhibits an excellent capacity retention of 93.24% after 200 cycles (at 1 C), with a small voltage decay rate of 1.19 mV cycle–1.