Pharmacokinetics and metabolism of cinnamic acid derivatives and flavonoids after oral administration of Brazilian green propolis in humans
Masayuki Yamaga, Hiroko Tani, Miyu Nishikawa, Keisuke Fukaya, Shinichi Ikushiro, Kaeko Murota
Abstract
values of artepillin C and drupanin, which were detected mainly in plasma after ingestion of BGP capsules, were 1255 ± 517 and 2893 ± 711 nM, respectively, of which 89.3% and 88.2% were found to be the phenolic glucuronide conjugate. This is the first time that the pharmacokinetics of the BGP components of human metabolites have been reported. Our results could provide useful information for the design and interpretation of studies to investigate the mechanisms and pharmacological effects of BGP.
Topics & Concepts
PropolisCinnamic acidPharmacokineticsMetabolismChemistryPharmacologyOral administrationBiochemistryBiologyFood scienceBee Products Chemical AnalysisEssential Oils and Antimicrobial ActivityPhytochemistry Medicinal Plant Applications