The complex relationship between gut microbiota and Alzheimer’s disease: A systematic review
Xuan-Peng Zhou, Luan-Biao Sun, Wenhao Liu, Wu-Ming Zhu, Lin-Chun Li, Xinyuan Song, Jian-Peng Xing, Shuohui Gao
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a progressive, degenerative disorder of the central nervous system. Despite extensive research conducted on this disorder, its precise pathogenesis remains unclear. In recent years, the microbiota-gut-brain axis has attracted considerable attention within the field of AD. The gut microbiota communicates bidirectionally with the central nervous system through the gut-brain axis, and alterations in its structure and function can influence the progression of AD. Consequently, regulating the gut microbiota to mitigate the progression of AD has emerged as a novel therapeutic approach. Currently, numerous studies concentrate on the intrinsic relationship between the microbiota-gut-brain axis and AD. In this paper, we summarize the multifaceted role of the gut microbiota in AD and present detailed therapeutic strategies targeting the gut microbiota, including the treatment of AD with Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), which has garnered increasing attention in recent years. Finally, we discuss potential therapeutic strategies for modulating the gut microbiota to alleviate the progression of AD, the current challenges in this area of research, and provide an outlook on future research directions in this field. • The gut microbiota engages in bidirectionally communication with the brain through multiple pathways. • Gut microbiota dysbiosis is a driving factor in Alzheimer's disease. • The timing of probiotic intervention has differential effects on Alzheimer's disease, demonstrating greater efficacy in patients with early AD or mild cognitive impairment. • Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) has multi-target effects and minimal side effects, and can improve gut microbiota and regulate the microbiota-gut-brain axis.