Clinical course and outcome of SARS-CoV-2 infection in multiple sclerosis patients treated with disease-modifying therapies — the Polish experience
Agata Czarnowska, Waldemar Brola, Olga Zajkowska, Stanisław Rusek, Monika Adamczyk‐Sowa, K Kubicka, Alicja Kalinowska, Karolina Kania, Agnieszka Słowik, Marcin Wnuk, Monika Marona, Aleksandra Podlecka‐Piętowska, Monika Nojszewska, Beata Zakrzewska‐Pniewska, Elżbieta Jasińska, Katarzyna Gołuch, B Lech, Magdalena Noga, Adam Perenc, Małgorzata Popiel, Anetta Lasek‐Bal, Przemysław Puz, Katarzyna Maciejowska, Marta Kucharska-Lipowska, Michał Lipowski, Katarzyna Kapica-Topczewska, Monika Chorąży, Joanna Tarasiuk, Jan Kochanowicz, Joanna Kulikowska, Sławomir Wawrzyniak, Anna Niezgodzińska‐Maciejek, Anna Pokryszko‐Dragan, Ewa Gruszka, Sławomir Budrewićz, Marta Białek, Iwona Kurkowska‐Jastrzębska, Katarzyna Kurowska, Adam Stępień, Agata Włodek, Violetta Ptasznik, Małgorzata Pawelczyk, Piotr Sobolewski, Henryka Lejmel, Katarzyna Strzalińska, Maciej Maciejowski, Andrzej Tutaj, Jacek Zwiernik, Anna Litwin, Bożena Lewańczyk, Izabela Paprocka, Beata Zwiernik, Aleksandra Pawlos, Andrzej Borysowicz, Anna Narożnik, Anna M. Michałowska, Krzysztof Nosek, Małgorzata Fudala, Marta Milewska-Jędrzejczak, Alina Kułakowska, Halina Bartosik-Psujek
Abstract
INTRODUCTION: The aim of this study was to report the course and outcome of SARS-CoV-2 infection in multiple sclerosis (MS) patients treated with disease-modifying therapies (DMTs) in Poland. A major concern for neurologists worldwide is the course and outcome of SARS-CoV-2 infection in patients with MS treated with different DMTs. Although initial studies do not suggest an unfavourable course of infection in this group of patients, the data is limited. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This study included 396 MS patients treated with DMTs and confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection from 28 Polish MS centres. Information concerning patient demographics, comorbidities, clinical course of MS, current DMT use, as well as symptoms of SARS-CoV-2 infection, need for pharmacotherapy, oxygen therapy, and/or hospitalisation, and short-term outcomes was collected up to 30 January 2021. Additional data about COVID-19 cases in the general population in Poland was obtained from official reports of the Polish Ministry of Health. RESULTS: There were 114 males (28.8%) and 282 females (71.2%). The median age was 39 years (IQR 13). The great majority of patients with MS exhibited relapsing-remitting course (372 patients; 93.9%). The median EDSS was 2 (SD 1.38), and the mean disease duration was 8.95 (IQR 8) years. Most of the MS patients were treated with dimethyl fumarate (164; 41.41%). Other DMTs were less frequently used: interferon beta (82; 20.70%), glatiramer acetate (42; 10.60%), natalizumab (35;8.84%), teriflunomide (25; 6.31%), ocrelizumab (20; 5.05%), fingolimod (16; 4.04), cladribine (5; 1.26%), mitoxantrone (3; 0.76%), ozanimod (3; 0.76%), and alemtuzumab (1; 0.25%). The overall hospitalisation rate due to COVID-19 in the cohort was 6.81% (27 patients). Only one patient (0.3%) died due to SARS-CoV-2 infection, and three (0.76%) patients were treated with mechanical ventilation; 106 (26.8%) patients had at least one comorbid condition. There were no significant differences in the severity of SARS-CoV-2 infection regarding patient age, duration of the disease, degree of disability (EDSS), lymphocyte count, or type of DMT used. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS: Most MS patients included in this study had a favourable course of SARS-CoV-2 infection. The hospitalisation rate and the mortality rate were not higher in the MS cohort compared to the general Polish population. Continued multicentre data collection is needed to increase the understanding of SARS-CoV-2 infection impact on the course of MS in patients treated with DMTs.