Antioxidant Molecules from Plant Waste: Extraction Techniques and Biological Properties
Cynthia Esmeralda Lizárraga-Velázquez, Nayely Leyva‐López, Crisantema Hernández, Erick Paul Gutiérrez‐Grijalva, Jesús Aarón Salazar‐Leyva, Idalia Osuna‐Ruíz, Emmanuel Martínez‐Montaño, Javier Arrizón, Abraham Guerrero, Asahel Benítez-Hernández, Anaguiven Ávalos-Soriano
Abstract
The fruit, vegetable, legume, and cereal industries generate many wastes, representing an environmental pollution problem. However, these wastes are a rich source of antioxidant molecules such as terpenes, phenolic compounds, phytosterols, and bioactive peptides with potential applications mainly in the food and pharmaceutical industries, and they exhibit multiple biological properties including antidiabetic, anti-obesity, antihypertensive, anticancer, and antibacterial properties. The aforementioned has increased studies on the recovery of antioxidant compounds using green technologies to value plant waste, since they represent more efficient and sustainable processes. In this review, the main antioxidant molecules from plants are briefly described and the advantages and disadvantages of the use of conventional and green extraction technologies used for the recovery and optimization of the yield of antioxidant naturals are detailed; finally, recent studies on biological properties of antioxidant molecules extracted from plant waste are presented here.