Influence of Preharvest sorbitol and calcium-sorbitol applications on the ripening process and anthocyanin biosynthesis in blood Orange (Citrus sinensis cv. Sanguinelli)
A. Guirao, Domingo Martínez‐Romero, Ander Solana-Guilabert, Vicente Agulló, H.M. Díaz-Mula, Juan Miguel Valverde
Abstract
Blood oranges are valued for their color and nutritional properties, thriving in Mediterranean climates where temperature variations enhance anthocyanin (ACN) synthesis. Climate change threatens this process. This study evaluated six foliar applications of sorbitol (2 %, 5 %) and sorbitol-Ca (2 % + 0.7 %) from early fruit development to harvest. All treatments enhanced peel and pulp redness, particularly sorbitol-Ca, as confirmed by lower hue angle and higher color index. Treated fruits had higher total soluble solids (TSS), with 11.07 % in 2 % sorbitol-treated fruits versus 9.63 % in controls. Sorbitol-Ca reduced respiration rates (15.63 vs. 21.57 mg CO₂ kg −1 h −1 ) and increased firmness (9.72 vs. 8.89 Nmm −1 ). Phenolic content, antioxidant activity, and bound calcium levels improved fruit quality. ACN content increased over 20 % and 40 % in sorbitol- and sorbitol-Ca-treated fruits, mainly due to Cyanidin derivatives. Sorbitol-based treatments offer a strategy to enhance blood orange resilience to climate change, improving functional and commercial value. • The quality of blood oranges was enhanced by sorbitol and sorbitol-Ca. • Anthocyanidin levels in the fruit juice rose with the treatments. • Sorbitol and sorbitol-Ca increased sugar content in oranges. • Treated fruit had more citric and malic acids than the control. • Magnesium levels in treated leaves were greater than in the control. • Calcium treatment was transported to the fruit and bound there.