Frameworks Proposed to Address the Threat of Cyber-Physical Attacks to Lean 4.0 Systems
Mohammad Shahin, F. Frank Chen, Hamed Bouzary, Alireza Zarreh
Abstract
The rise of Industry 4.0 has urged scholars to pursue the possibility of integrating these novel technologies with traditional manufacturing practices such as Lean and Six Sigma. However, the main obstacle in the way to achieve such a vision is the concerns arising from the increasing number of cyber-physical attacks. Even though there is a sizable amount of research already been done on such integration, the cybersecurity concerns regarding that have been mainly overlooked. Thus, this paper aims at exploring and bridging such a gap by proposing effective and robust frameworks. Three main frameworks were established: 1) A game theory-based one with the ability to determine optimal counter-measures in response to the attacks, 2) A predictive framework based on data analytics capable of detecting imminent attacks; and 3) A framework based on optimal resource allocation and selection strategy which is capable of reducing the damage through mitigating the post-attack effects. The supporting conceptual frameworks and mathematical models have also been provided. Applying these frameworks to I4.0 system will eliminate waste that could be generated from machine downtime and defects in products. Thus, achieving the core idea of lean manufacturing and facilitating the emergence of Lean 4.0 system.