First demonstration of the use of crab cavities on hadron beams
R. Calaga, A. Alekou, Fanouria Antoniou, R. B. Appleby, L Arnaudon, Kurt Artoos, G. Arduini, V. Baglin, Simon Barriere, Hannes Bartosik, P. Baudrenghien, I. Ben‐Zvi, Thomas Bohl, A. Boucherie, O. Brüning, K. Brodzinski, A. Butterworth, Graeme Burt, Ofelia Capatina, Sébastien Calvo, Teddy Capelli, Michele Carlà, Federico Carra, Lee Carver, A. Castilla-Loeza, E. Daly, Luca Dassa, Jean Delayen, S. U. De Silva, A. Dexter, M. Garlaschè, F. Gerigk, L. Giordanino, D Glenat, Michael Guinchard, A. W. Harrison, E. Jensen, Charles Julie, Thomas C. Jones, F Killing, A. Krawczyk, Thomas Levens, Raphael Leuxe, Björn Hans Filip Lindström, Z. Li, A. MacEwen, A. Macpherson, Paula Freijedo Menendez, Tommi Mikkola, P. Minginette, J. Mitchell, Eric Montesinos, Giulia Papotti, H. Park, C. Pasquino, Shrikant Pattalwar, Eduardo Cano Pleite, T. Powers, Bogusław Prochal, A. Ratti, E. Rossi, V. Rude, Mathieu Therasse, Rogelio Tomás, Niall Stapley, Ignacio Aviles Santillana, Nicholas Shipman, Jean-Michel Simonin, Mateusz Sosin, Joanna Swieszek, Niklas Templeton, G. Vandoni, Silvia Verdú-Andrés, Marcin Wartak, Carsten Welsch, David A. Wollman, Qiong Wu, B. Xiao, E. Yamakawa, Carlo Zanoni, F. Zimmermann, Agnieszka Zwoźniak
Abstract
Many future particle colliders require beam crabbing to recover geometric luminosity loss from the nonzero crossing angle at the interaction point (IP). A first demonstration experiment of crabbing with hadron beams was successfully carried out with high energy protons. This breakthrough result is fundamental to achieve the physics goals of the high luminosity LHC (HL-LHC) and the future circular collider (FCC). The expected peak luminosity gain (related to collision rate) is 65% for HL-LHC and even greater for the FCC. Novel beam physics experiments with proton beams in CERN's Super Proton Synchrotron (SPS) were performed to demonstrate several critical aspects for the operation of crab cavities in the future HL-LHC including transparency with a pair of cavities, a full characterization of the cavity impedance with high beam currents, controlled emittance growth from crab cavity induced rf noise.