Thermal synthesis of conversion-type bismuth fluoride cathodes for high-energy-density Li-ion batteries
Julian F. Baumgärtner, Frank Krumeich, Michael Wörle, Kostiantyn V. Kravchyk, Maksym V. Kovalenko
Abstract
Abstract Towards enhancement of the energy density of Li-ion batteries, BiF 3 has recently attracted considerable attention as a compelling conversion-type cathode material due to its high theoretical capacity of 302 mAh g −1 , average discharge voltage of ca . 3.0 V vs . Li + /Li, the low theoretical volume change of ca . 1.7% upon lithiation, and an intrinsically high oxidative stability. Here we report a facile and scalable synthesis of phase-pure and highly crystalline orthorhombic BiF 3 via thermal decomposition of bismuth( III ) trifluoroacetate at T = 300 °C under inert atmosphere. The electrochemical measurements of BiF 3 in both carbonate (LiPF 6 -EC/DMC)- and ionic liquid-based (LiFSI-Pyr 1,4 TFSI) Li-ion electrolytes demonstrated that ionic liquids improve the cyclic stability of BiF 3 . In particular, BiF 3 in 4.3 M LiFSI-Pyr 1,4 TFSI shows a high initial capacity of 208 mA g −1 and capacity retention of ca . 50% over at least 80 cycles at a current density of 30 mA g −1 .