Influence of waste discharge concentration and quadratic thermal radiation over oblique stagnation point Boger hybrid nanofluid flow across a cylinder
J. Madhu, J. K. Madhukesh, Kottakkaran Sooppy Nisar, Ioannis E. Sarris, B. C. Prasannakumara, G. K. Ramesh, Nehad Ali Shah, Bagh Ali, C. S. K. Raju, Abderrahim Wakif, Noor Muhammad, Shams Forruque Ahmed, H. Ashraf
Abstract
Abstract The thermal activity of various base liquids can be enhanced by hybrid nanofluids since they are more reliable and stable. Compared to simple nanofluids, which have uses in the engineering and industrial sectors, hybrid nanofluids are favored because of their significant thermal effects. In light of these worthwhile uses and objectives, this work demonstrated the thermal applications of Boger hybrid nanofluid under the effect of activation energy, quadratic thermal radiation (QTR), and waste discharge concentration. The flow at the oblique stagnation point (SP) due to the stretched cylinder has been considered. The oblique SP flow pattern is an intriguing phenomenon. Here, the three cases of thermal radiation are considered: (i) linear, (ii) nonlinear, and (iii) quadratic. Similarity transformations convert the governing system of nonlinear differential equations to a system of ordinary differential equations. The results are presented in the current study utilizing the Runge–Kutta–Fehlberg 45 numerical scheme. The graphic findings for many aspects of flow, thermal, and mass transmission are shown and explained. The velocity profile upsurges as the solvent fraction parameter rises. The upsurge in the values of the curvature parameter increases the thermal and velocity profile.