Minimizing costs and carbon emissions in railway alignment optimization: A bi-objective model
Hao Pu, Ling Cai, Taoran Song, Paul Schonfeld, Jianping Hu
Topics & Concepts
Greenhouse gasParticle swarm optimizationEnergy consumptionLife-cycle assessmentGlobal warmingCarbon sinkEnvironmental scienceCarbon fibersService lifeEngineeringComputer scienceProduction (economics)Climate changeReliability engineeringAlgorithmComposite numberMacroeconomicsEcologyEconomicsBiologyElectrical engineeringRailway Engineering and DynamicsVehicle emissions and performanceMaritime Transport Emissions and Efficiency