Can the assessment of ultrasound lung water in haemodialysis patients be simplified?
Claudia Torino, Rocco Tripepi, Charalampos Loutradis, Pantelis Sarafidis, Giovanni Tripepi, Francesca Mallamaci, Carmine Zoccali
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Lung ultrasound (US) reliably estimates lung water and it is increasingly applied in clinical practice in dialysis patients. A semi-quantitative US score summing up the US-B lines (an equivalent of B lines in the standard chest X-ray) at 28 sites in the intercostal spaces (Jambrik et al. Usefulness of ultrasound lung comets as a non-radiologic sign of extravascular lung water. Am J Cardiol 2004; 93: 1265-1270) is the most used score. METHODS: We compared the prognostic performance for death, and cardiovascular (CV) events of the 28-sites US score with a score restricted to eight sites in a cohort of 303 haemodialysis (HD) patients. RESULTS: The 8- and the 28-sites scores were highly inter-related (Spearman's ρ = 0.93, P < 0.001), and their concordance index was fairly good (k = 0.79, 95% confidence interval 0.74-0.84). During a mean follow-up of 3 years, 112 patients died, and 129 experienced a CV event. At univariate and multivariate analysis, both scores were associated with mortality (P ≤ 0.01) and CV events (P ≤ 0.05). The explained variances (R2) for death and CV events of the 28-sites score in multivariate models including major risk factors for these outcomes in the end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) population were 3.9 and 2.2%, and those of the 8-sites score were 3.1 and 2.4%, respectively. The median time needed to perform the examination was 3.05 min [interquartile range (IQR) 2.22-5.00 min] for the 28-sites score and 1.35 min (IQR 1.16-2.00 min) for the 8-sites score. CONCLUSION: The 8-sites score is tightly related to the classical Jambrik 28-sites score and this score holds an almost identical predictive power to the reference score. Even though the 28-sites score can be completed just in ∼3 min, the 8-sites score requires only ∼1.30 min, and it is, therefore, better suited for application in everyday clinical practice in HD units.