Anticancer, Antibacterial and Hyperthermia Studies of a Caffeine‐Based <i>N</i> ‐Heterocyclic Carbene Silver Complex Anchored on Magnetic Nanoparticles
Shivanand Gajare, Prakash Bansode, Pradnya Patil, Audumbar Patil, Dattaprasad M. Pore, Kailas D. Sonawane, Maruti J. Dhanavade, Vishwajeet M. Khot, Gajanan Rashinkar
Abstract
Abstract Caffeine based N ‐heterocyclic carbene (NHC)‐silver complex anchored on magnetic nanoparticles (MNP‐Caff‐NHC@Ag complex) has been prepared by covalent grafting of caffeine on the surface of chloro‐functionalized Fe 3 O 4 magnetic nanoparticles followed by complexation with silver (I) acetate. The MNP‐Caff‐NHC@Ag complex has been characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FT‐IR) spectroscopy, energy‐dispersive X‐ray (EDX) spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X‐ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) analysis. The MNP‐Caff‐NHC@Ag complex displayed significant in vitro anticancer activity against human hepatocarcinoma HepG2 cell line and antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli (NCIM‐2832), Staphylococcus aureus (NCIM‐2654) and Bacillus cereus (NCIM‐2703). The hyperthermia studies revealed that MNP‐Caff‐NHC@Ag complex achieved good therapeutic temperature (47 °C) under physiological safe range of field and frequency thereby forecasting potential applications as heating mediators in magnetic hyperthermia for selectively killing of cancer cells.